Аннотация

Контроль качества рыбного сырья требует эффективных аналитических решений. Несмотря на надежность традиционных (целевых) методов оценки, их трудоемкость и деструктивный характер стимулируют развитие быстрых неразрушающих (нецелевых) технологий. Цель исследования – провести сравнительный анализ, систематизировать и обобщить данные о возможностях, ограничениях и перспективах применения целевых и нецелевых методов для оценки рыбного сырья на примере радужной форели.
Объектом сравнительного анализа является радужная форель (Oncorhynchus mykiss), представляющая собой один из ключевых видов мировой аквакультуры. На основе систематического обзора научной литературы за 2014–2024 гг. проведен анализ традиционных методов (сенсорный, физико-химический, микробиологический) и современных инструментальных подходов (ИК- и рамановская спектроскопия, гиперспектральная визуализация, ЯМР-спектроскопия).
Установлено, что нецелевые методы (спектроскопический, методы визуализации) обеспечивают быструю неинвазивную оценку ключевых параметров свежести: химического состава, степени окисления липидов, уровня микробной обсемененности и срока хранения. В свою очередь, целевые методы сохраняют значение для валидации и точного количественного определения специфических показателей, особенно на поздних стадиях порчи. Нецелевые методы демонстрируют высокий потенциал для внедрения в системы оперативного контроля рыбоперерабатывающих предприятий. Ключевыми условиями их успешного применения являются корректная калибровка, построение математических моделей и формирование репрезентативных эталонных баз данных.
Радужная форель (Oncorhynchus mykiss) демонстрирует эффективность спектроскопических методов контроля качества рыбы, сочетая быстроту, неинвазивность и потенциал для онлайн-мониторинга.

Ключевые слова

Свежесть рыбы, экспресс-анализ, методы контроля, спектроскопия, хемометрия, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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